Tata Nano

Tata Nano EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Tata Nano is the first car to be said to be the common mans car. It is sold in home country India around Rs 1-lakh i.e approximately USD 2000. It is manufactured by Tata Motor Limited, the largest automobile company in India. Its Chairman, Mr Ratan Tata envisions that Tata Nano to become a â€Å"People car† which is affordable by almost everybody. Tata Nano was first launched in India on 1st April 2009 and expected to be in Indian market by July 2009. Since launching, it has created a huge buzz all over India. Within the first two days of lunching, it has received 5500 booking. The s keep increasing every day since the launching. What makes Tata Nano so cheap? Basically, by making things smaller, lighter, do away with superficial parts and change the materials wherever possible without compromising the safety and environmental compliance. It is said that Tata Nano has better millage than Toyota Prius and same gas emission as a scooter. Tata Nano will be imported to Malaysia by Tata Industries in parts. It will be assembled in its two factories i.e in Shah Alam, Selangor and Pasir Gudang, Johor Bahru. There are four distribution centres in Peninsular Malaysia i.e. in Kuala Lumpur, Penang, Johor Bahru and Kuantan. All Tata Nano cars will be distributed through these distribution centres only. Order can be made vide these distribution centres or its web site. There are three types of Tata Nano car available i.e. Tata Nano, Tata Nano CX and Tata Nano LX. However, due to hot weather in Malaysia, only Nano CX will be brought to Malaysia and will be sold here. The selling price of Nano CX in Malaysia is RM 13,704 per unit. It is estimated that gross profit for the first year would yield xxx, second year xxx and third year xxx. Estimated monthly instalment payment is xxx for seven years period. With this price, the target market is very wide which includes those with income RM 2000 per month, students, female workers and scooters riders. 2.0 SITUATION ANALYSIS Tata Motors Limited is Indias largest automobile company, with revenues of Rs. 35651.48 crores (USD 8.8 billion) in 2007-08. It is the leader in commercial vehicles in each segment, and among the top three in passenger vehicles with winning products in the compact, midsize car and utility vehicle segments. The company is the worlds fourth largest truck manufacturer, and the worlds second largest bus manufacturer. In March 2008, Tata Motors acquired Fords UK based car brands Jaguar and Land Rover (BBC News, 2008). According to Ratan Naval Tata (Chairman of Tata Group), the need for an innovation like Nano has got to do something for the people of India and transport. Unavailability and poor quality of mass transport is a common problem in India. In a two wheeler, father driving with elder child standing in front and wife behind holding a baby is norm in this country. Thus, this is a relatively an unsafe mode of transporting a family. Thus, with this in mind Tata Nano was created as a safer form of transport. As one of its objectives is to become an Indian business conglomerate operating in many countries, Tata Nano will be introduced in Malaysia. 2.1 Market Summary It is estimated that Malaysia has more than 5 million motorcycles on the road, compared to over 4 million motorcars(ICE, 2001).The majority of motorcycle buyers or users does not own a car and belong to the lower and middle-income group. A significantly larger percentage of motorcycle users in Malaysia are male. 2.1.1 Target Markets The company is targeting lower income group with family, first-time buyers of car (fresh graduates) and motorcycle owners. 2.1.2 Positioning Tata Nano will position itself as the world cheapest car and yet does not compromise the quality, safety and environment. This positioning will be achieved by leveraging Tata Nanos competitive edge: industries experience from the parent company Tata Motor who has been in vehicles industries (commercial, passengers utilities) since 1945. Tata motor has good supplier-manufacturer relationship with more than 100 components. 2.1.2 Demographics Population , demographics, rural urban, vital statistics from Malaysian auto report. 2.1.4 Geographics Tata Motors has targeted the urban area in Malaysia. This is going to be Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru. There are 5 million motorcycle riders in Malaysia. 2.1.5 Distribution review Just like in India, Tata Nano will appropriate place as an low-cost car even in foreign markets. ‘Easy-to-assemble kits will be imported from Tata in India. The car then will be assembled at pre-defined locations. The proposed locations are Shah Alam, Selangor and Pasir Gudang, Johor Bahru. It will be then redistributed to showrooms that will be set up based on region. 30 sales offices will be opened throughout Malaysia. 2.1.6 Competitor review The main competitors are Proton, Perodua, Toyota and Honda. The table below indicates the market share of the main competitors in the auto industry for the year 2008. 2.2 SWOT Analysis The following SWOT analysis investigates the Malaysian political, economic and business environment. The following finding are adapted from Malaysian Auto Report 2009. a. Malaysia Political SWOT Strengths Malaysia is a successful example of a democratic Islamic state. Despite murmurs of discontent among hard-line Muslims in some states, multiracial Malaysia is unlikely to abandon moderate Islam Weaknesses The Malay half of the population holds a constitutionally enshrined special position in society, amounting to positive discrimination in not only jobs, but also wealth. Opportunities The weak performance by the ruling Barisan Nasional in the general elections held on March 8 2008, has paved the way for the stalled reformist agenda -promised by Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi back in 2004 to gather pace. This would help to open up the countrys closed political system and improve transparency and accountability within key institutions. Threats Ethnic tension will remain a non-violent, but simmering, problem, so long as there remains a threat that the influence of hardline Islam could revive. For now, however, the hardliners have lost much of their political clout. The poor showing of Barisan Nasional at the 2008 general elections has put Prime Minister Abdullah under intense pressure from both opposition parties and members of his United Malays National Organization (UNMO) party, who blame him for the coalitions worst ever result. b. Malaysia Economic SWOTaysia Economic SWOT Strengths During the past four decades, Malaysia has transformed itself from a commodities-dependent backwater into a major world source for electronics and computer parts. Malaysia is the worlds largest producer of rubber, palm oil, pepper and tropical hardwoods, and is also a net exporter of crude oil. All this provides a solid platform for economic growth Weaknesses Malaysias relative insulation from global energy price shocks is being eroded. Within the next 5 years Malaysia could become a net importer of oil Malaysias economic openness can be as much of a burden as a benefit, since it confers a high degree of vulnerability to global growth and capital flows. Opportunities The opportunity for private-sector-led growth will improve as the government continues divestment of state shareholdings in order to raise funds to narrow the budget deficit. Threats Wages are higher in Malaysia than in a number of its competitors, such as China and Vietnam, which could be a long-term hindrance to economic expansion. To maintain its competitive edge, Malaysia needs a steady stream of inward investment Export competitiveness could be eroded if the exchange rate continues to appreciate markedly. c. Malaysia Business Environment SWOT 3 Strengths 4 Standards of corporate governance in Malaysia have greatly improved since the Asian financial crisis at the end of the 1990s more so, in fact, than in many neighboring countries. Foreign companies, or at least foreign manufacturing companies, looking to do business in Malaysia will continue to be welcomed with open arms, with the government offering lavish tax breaks and concessions. Weaknesses State subsidization of prices will remain a peripheral but persistent part of daily economic life in Malaysia. Doing business in Malaysia will always, to some extent, mean dealing with the politically well-connected. Big construction projects and big contracts for foreign construction firms are unlikely to be as much of a priority for Malaysias government as they were under the previous administration of former prime minister Mahathir Muhammad. Opportunities The opportunity to invest in Malaysian state assets could improve. The government, if it sticks to its word, will conduct its biggest ever divestment of state shareholdings. Malaysia is eager to compete globally in banking, and although it currently lacks a domestic champion, with ten main institutions in the market, bank consolidation is a strong possibility. Threats The waterways and shipping lanes that surround Malaysia will continue to pose the threat of piracy and terrorism Malaysia is at risk, conceivably, of losing out to China in the race for foreign investment. Penang, once the pillar of Malaysias electronics industry, has seen an exodus of foreign firms, with Seagate, Motorola and Solectron all shifting production elsewhere in Asia. d. The following will be key strengths and weakness within the company and describes the opportunities and threats facing Tata Nano. Strength The internationalisation tactics so far has been takeover to local managers in new style, and only to transplanting a couple of higher managers from India into the new trade. The key point is that Tata has been able to share ideas. The company had a successful agreement with Italian mass product Fiat in 2006. This has enhanced the product collection of investments for Tata and Fiat as per agreements of production and ideas sharing. An example, Fiat Palio design was introduced in 2007 by Tata, and both the companies have an contract to create and achieved their Goal at Central and South America. Weaknesses The Tata Nano passenger travel car products are depends upon 3rd and 4th generation platforms, which is a disadvantage of Tata Motors Limited with competition others car manufacturers. One which is not recognised in English the word tat means ‘rubbish. Opportunities In 2008 Tata Motors announced that they had successfully purchased the foreign car assembled Land Rover and Jaguar from Ford Motors for United kingdom  £2.3 million. Worlds Two luxury car brand have been added to Tata Motors portfolio of brands, They have a chance to demonstrate Company vehicles in the luxury segments. Tata Motors Ltd have taken Daewoo Motors Commercial vehicle business in 2004 for USD $16 million. Tata Nano is the most cheapest car in the World selling at little more than a motorbike. The new emerging industrial of the countries such as India, S.Korea and Republic of China will have a thirst for produce and distribute vehicles in low-cost passenger. These are the advantages. However the company has put in place a proactive Corporate Social Responsibility considering to address potential tactics that will make its operations more sustainable. The range of Super Mileage fuel efficient buses are powered by efficient, atmosphere friendly car engines. The bus has auto matic organic clutch with booster help and better air intakes that will low fuel consumption by up to 10 percent. Threats Other car manufacturers companies are in passenger car business for 40 or more then 40 years. Therefore Tata Motors Limited has to catch up in terms of quality and lean production. Sustainability and environmentalism could mean extra costs for this low-cost producer. This could impact its underpinning competitive advantage. 2.3 Objectives and issue We have set aggressive yet achievable objectives for the first, second and third year of market entry. First year objective ( July 2009 to December 2009) We want to achieve 25,000 units of sales gaining †¦.market share % get from market size Second year objective (JAN 2010 TO DEC 2010) We want to achieve 10% increase in quarterly basis (RM 48,600) Third year objective (JAN 2011 TO DEC 2011) We want to achieve 10% increase in quarterly basis (RM 53, 460) 1.0 MARKETING MIX STRATEGIES 3.1 Product Strategies The product strategy which will be adapted would be the straight product extension, which is marketing the car in another foreign market without any change. This is because there would be no additional product development cost, manufacturing changes, or new promotion. 3.2 Product Review * There are three variants in the Nano range: Nano, Nano CX and Nano LX * Only the Nano CX variant would be introduced in the Malaysia Market for the first stage * Tata Nano LX will introduced in the Malaysia Market during the following year The car has achieved its low price by minimizing costs on unnecessary â€Å"luxuries†, the basic Nano comes without front and rear fog lights, without a heater or air conditioning, without anti-lock brakes, only one single windscreen wiper, manually operated windows, manual steering with no air bags, tiny 12† wheels, plastic body parts joined with adhesive instead of more conventional metal and welding and a two cylinder 623 cc engine that provides a massive maximum speed of 65 mph (around 105 km/h). Among the features of the car are: a) Stylish and comfortable The Passenger Car, designed with a family comfortable in mind, has a luxury passenger space with superb leg space and head room. It can luxury sit 4 persons. 4 doors with excellent seating perfection make ingress and egress easy. with a measuring length of 3.1 metres, width of 1.5 metres and a height of 1.6 metres, with adequate ground clearance, it can effortlessly manoeuvre on busy roads in cities as well as in rural areas. Its semi volume structure, with tires at the sides and the power train at the rear, enables it to uniquely combine both space and manoeuvrability, which will set a benchmark among small cars. b) Fuel-efficient engine The Peoples Car has a back wheel drive, with aluminium, 2 cylinder, 523 cc, 33 PS, multi point fuel injection petrol engine. This is the first time that a 2 cylinder gasoline engine fitted in a car with a one balancer shaft. The lean design strategy has helped minimise weight, which helps maximise performance per unit of energy consumed and delivers high fuel efficiency. Performance is controlled by a specially designed electronic engine management system. c) Meets all safety requirements The Peoples Cars safety performance exceeds current regulatory requirements. With an all metal body sheet, it has a solid passenger department, with safety features for e.g crumple zones, intrusion resistant doors, seats belts, strong seats and anchorages, and the rear tailgate glass bonded to the body. Tubeless tyres further enhance safety. d) Environment-friendly The Peoples Cars tailpipe emission performance exceeds regulatory requirements. In terms of overall pollutants, it has a lower pollution level than two-wheelers being manufactured in Malaysia today. The high efficiency also ensures that the car has low carbon dioxide emissions, thereby providing the twin benefits of an affordable transportation solution with a low carbon footprint. 3.3 Branding Brands identify the source or maker of a product and allow consumers either individuals or organisations to assign responsibility for its performance to a particular manufacturer or distributor. Branding is endowing products and services with the power of a brand. Its all about creating differences between products. For branding strategies to be successful and brand value to be created, consumers must be convinced there are meaningful differences among brands in the product or service category. In Tata Nanos case, the branding strategy used is corporate name combined with individual product names. This companys name legitimises and the individual name individualises the new product 3.4 Product Strategy The Tata Nano CX, including all the features described in the earlier Product Review section, will be sold with a three-year warranty or 100,000km warranty, whichever comes first. We will introduce the Tata Nano LX during the following year, after we have established our Tata brand. The brand and logo will be displayed on the car as well as in all marketing campaigns. 3.5 Pricing Strategies The Cost price is an estimated USD2, 420 or equivalent to RM8,954, which includes import tax, duties excise , sales tax, shipment costs and assembly cost . The selling price for the Malaysian market is RM13,704.00, which is inclusive of standard accessories, but exclude road tax (RM70.00), registration fees (RM150.00), number plate (RM50.00) and ownership endorsement fee (RM50.00), sales tax (RM1370.40) which amounted to RM320.00. The On-The-Road price will be RM15797.40.These prices reflect a strategy of taking a share from established competitors, such as Perodua s model of Kancil and Viva. 3.5.1 Setting the price selecting price objectives Tata Nano Malaysia (TNM) has set major three objectives in its effort to position itself in the Malaysia Automotive market. The objectives are: Survival, maximum current profit and maximum market share. a. Survival Intense competition from Malaysias second car manufacturer, Perodua for a share of the automotive market segment for the below 1,000 cc category will spur TNM to ensure that the car price covers variable costs and some fixed costs. In this case, survival is a short term objective as in the long run, TNM will add value such as added safety features to the Nano range. b. Maximum current profit TNM has set a price that will maximize current profits, cash flow and return on investment, after taking into consideration the demand and costs involved. As this category of small foreign cars segment has not been really tested by other manufacturers, therefore the demand is rather difficult to estimate but TNM is confident of a good response towards its entry into the Malaysian market. c. Maximum Market Share For the Malaysian market, TNM will implement the market-penetration pricing, which is to set a low price for a new car in order to attract a large number of buyers and a large market share. This will be done by achieving high sales volume, which will results in falling costs, allowing the company to cut its price even further. We are positive enough that the Malaysia car market is highly price sensitive, as a low price produces more market growth. TNM is also confident that production and distribution costs will fall as sales volume increases and the low price of Nano cars will help to keep out competition and maintain its low-price position. The low-price entry will provide Malaysians consumers with a viable alternative to Perodua -Malaysia second National car. Further liberalization is expected as Malaysia implements the ASEAN Free Trade Area agreement, which commits the Malaysia Government to scrap foreign car taxes. 4.0 PROMOTION STRATEGIES 4.1 Objectives of Promotion Strategies Before determine the promotion strategies, we need to very clear about what are the objectives we need to achieve. We know as above, our missions are to promote Tata nano in Malaysia and increase the sales quarterly. Tata Nano is very new for Malaysian, they feel fresh with this new brand and concept of this car. Tata Nano will get into Malaysia market in July 2009. So first of the objective for promotion strategies are aims to create brand awareness and concept/knowledge of this new car Tata Nano. This is the cheapest car in the world and burst into the worldwide market in the short time. But still is the new brand for the Malaysians, so we do the advertisement and organize the event or campaign in sufficient detail to establish the good brand attitudes. Brand awareness is important to provide a foundation for brand equity. After that, our second objective is knowledge and persuasive. We aim to create liking, preference, conviction, and purchase of a Tata Nano car. We can do the comparison with other cars which are higher purchase price and this price is not every people will be affordable especially lower income families and students. Beside that we will convince current purchasers that we will give the potential customer to enjoying the good experience with Tata Nano by give try to drive the Tata Nano before buying the car. And also will provide them warranty to the Tata Nano. We will organize all the promotion strategies with lower cost to maintain the lower purchase price for the Tata nano in Malaysia. 4.2 Promotion Tag line ‘Have Fun, Pay Less, get more with Tata Nano Why we establish this tag line? Because this is make all the Malaysian to easy to remembered Tata Nano and feel happy all the ways with Tata Nano. Tata Nano is safety and you can travel everywhere by Tata Nano with your family or friends with fun, but you just need to pay all of this at lower price -Pay Less Get More. Beside that we can enjoying special fun with Tata nano, our earth also will feel happy with Tata nano because Tata nano also is the environment friendly car. 4.3 Advertising Program We aims to inform Malaysians this is the cheapest car in the world and persuade Malaysians to buy Tata Nano due to this car is safety, useful, all in good quality and also environment friendly by developing an advertising program. 4.3.1 Online Advertisement First step we start before lunching Tata Nano, we do the online advertisement. Tata Nano created a Web site www.tatanano.com on March 2009 to better communicate with the customers. In the Web site, we posted the photo categories and videos to provide customers the information and special features of Tata Nano and bring them inside the company. In addition to photos and videos, the web site links to recent news about Tata Nano and space for public feedback. Besides that, Blogs have become an important outlet for word of mouth which are regularly updated online diaries. Blogs is bringing together people with common interests. They vary wide and can influence a vast audience due to many internet users have read Blogs. We can establish the blog network and carefully monitoring to find out whats on peoples minds especially the potential customers. This is a cheapest and good way to build up brand awareness. 4.3.2 Television Advertisement Television advertisement is very expensive but this is the most powerful to perform the Tata Nano to the public by demonstrating Tata Nano attributes and persuasively explaining their corresponding consumer benefits. By lower advertising budget, we cannot do the TV advertisement in whole day, so we just choose the prime time (7pm 11pm) to place the advertisement. By properly designed and executed TV advertisement can improve brand equity and affect sales and profits. 4.3.3 Radio Advertisement Most of the Malaysians listen to the radio daily. Now a day have many facilities such as MP3, hand phone and so on, is convenience for the people to listen the radio anytime at anywhere, This is a cheap and pervasive medium for us to create the brand awareness by repeatedly listen the advertisement and the brand name. Advantages of the radio advertisement are flexibility, quick response and also more effective media for reaching teens. 4.3.4 Newspaper Advertisement Beside that the radio, most of the Malaysians also will saw a newspaper everyday. So this is good market coverage. From here, Tata Nano can get the broad acceptance and good reputation from Malaysians. Newspaper advertising is inexpensive. 4.4 Marketing Campaign This Marketing campaign is base on every four month : 4.4.1 Marketing Campaign for July 2009 to October 2009 Tata Nano will lunch at Malaysia on July 2009. Launching program is very important for positioning which is the act of designing Tata Nano and image to occupy Malaysia in the minds of the target market. Launching program also is one of the promotion strategies to build awareness, through launching at public center Tata Motor will introduce the Tata Nano to market. In July and August, we focus on marketing campaign which will take place at all the IPTA and IPTS which have organize the convocation, by providing product display and banner; and the peoples can have the experience with Tata Nano by provide the opportunities to drive Tata Nano around the campus. Theme for this campaign is Good future with Tata Nano. Reason for this marketing campaign is one of our targets are students such as fresh graduate who just get the new job and also the international students. Fresh graduate need the transportation in their working life but they cant afford to buy the too expensive car; international student just need the car which is economy and using it in short period around 2-3years for their student life in Malaysia. This is cheapest cost by event or campaign in the campus. In September and October, Malaysians will celebrate two big festivals together, there are Hari Raya Puasa Aidifitri and Deepavali. So we can focus on lower income group with family especially those are come from Malay family or Indian family. Use the mail, telephone, fax, e-mail to communicate directly with them. Base on historical, more of the Malay or Indian will buy the car before festival. Raya with Tata Nano can be the theme for our campaign at this period, and promote them Tata Nano is cheapest and safety. 4.4.2 Marketing Campaign for November 2009 to February 2009 In November and December, Malaysia have the Mega Sales due to Merry Christmas and New Year in the end of the year at whole Malaysia so that have many people will go to shopping. We can organize the event at shopping centers in Malaysia such as KLCC, Midvalley, Berjaya Times Square, and Sungai Wang by providing product display and banner. On January and February, most of the employees in Malaysia will get the bonus in this period so the purchasing power will increase. Beside that Chinese New Year is at February. Send the brochures to the small and medium company or office and do the introduction or briefing to them. Follow by mail, telephone, fax or e-mail to developing effective communication. 4.4.3 Marketing Campaign for March 2009 to June 2009 We will do the road show at every state (whole Malaysia). We can have the road show at the center market such as all market at all the state. Have many people will go to market early morning to buy the vegetable, take the breakfast or buy the necessary things. Most of them are women or housewife who may be come from the lower or medium income family. Some of them go to Pasar by motorcycle or by bus. There are our target markets. We can promote Tata Nano to them such as, Tata Nano is the cheapest car in the world, Get the Tata Nano to be second car for their family member especially for their children or elder parent, Easy life with Tata Nano. Housewife or mother can go to Pasar or anywhere by Tata Nano better than motorcycle or by bus for complete their daily matter more effectively. When the women get the news, they will pass this news to their friend immediately. This will help us to promote Tata Nano effectively in the local society. At the road show, people also can get the exper ience with Tata Nano by have the opportunities to drive the Tata Nano car before purchase it. 5.0 Channel of Distribution Strategies 5.1 Direct marketing channel (zero-level channel) We perform the Tata Nano in Malaysia by selling it directly to customers. Customers can deal directly with our dealers and make the booking for Tata Nano by visit our sales office or at any special event/campaign. Besides that, customers also can get the information or make the booking via the telephone (1-800-88-nano) and through the Internet ( www.tatanano.com ). By this way we can save more cost and maintain the cheapest purchasing price rather than through retailers or resellers. 5.2 Physical Flow From the diagram, can know that Tatanano will send the paths to the Malaysia after received the order from the sales office. After that, we will assemble a car at the workshop. Finally, send to the customers directly. From here, we can often provide faster delivery to customers because we are closer to the customers. 5.3 Payment Flow Customers can paying bills by cash or do the financing from bank. Customers pay less by this diagram due to not need to pay extra commission to third party such as wholesalers or retailers. Tata Motor also can collect the payment more efficient. 5.4 Information Flow Customers can get the information directly from Tata Motor such as new product, price development and so on. Tata Motor can more understanding customers needs when receiving customers, response calls and mailings or through internet blog. If customers have any need or complaint, we can satisfy them immediately by deal with customers directly. 5.5 Promotion Flow Marketing Campaign/Event Have two ways of promotion flow, directly and indirectly. Directly is well organize the marketing campaign, event and road show. By this way, well promote Tatanano to target market by face by face and provide the opportunities to them try to drive the Tatanano. Indirect ways are we will do the advertisement through media such as internet, TV, radio and also newspaper. By this promotion flow, Tata Motor aims to create brand awareness and increase the sales in the Malaysia. 6.0 Financial Plan This section will offer the overview of Tata Nano related marketing activities. It is include, sale forecast, expense forecast, break even analysis and how those relate to the market strategy. 6.1 Break even analysis Break even analysis indicates that 3369 unit or $ 46,168,776 will be required in monthly sales revenue to reach the break even point. Table: Break Even Analysis Break even analysis : Monthly unit break even 3369 Monthly sales break even $46,168,776 Monthly unit production 6083 Average per unit revenue $13704 Average per unit variable cost $8,954 Average per unit fixed cost $2630.28 Estimated monthly fixed cost $16,000,000 6.2 Sales forecast Sale was forecasted quarterly basis, with adjustment of seasonal factor. At Malaysia there is 3 main celebrations each year, which Aidil Fitri, Chinese new year, and Deepavali, those factors was used as seasonal factor. Since one of our target markets is fresh graduate student, graduation month also was used as seasonal factor to adjust our forecasted sales. The sales was fore

History and Geography??“the Foundations of Culture

History helps define a nation's â€Å"mission,† how t perceives Its neighbors, how It sees its place In the world, and how It sees itself. The history of a country is important in understanding many aspects of a culture. One cannot fully understand how businesspeople negotiate, how they conduct business, their attitudes toward foreign investment, the legal system, and other aspects of the market/business system without a historical perspective. A historical perspective helps prepare an International marketer for many of the cultural differences that often cause misunderstandings and In many cases, mistakes.While a racketeer may not be able to change a person's attitude or behavior, if you have an historical perspective of why they react as they do, you can gain insights that can possibly make it easier to adapt your strategies for a successful outcome. To understand, explain, and appreciate a people's image of itself and the attitudes and unconscious fears that reflected In it s view of foreign cultures, it is necessary to study the culture as It Is now as well as to understand the culture as It was-?that is, a country's history.Loyalty to family, to country, to company, and to social groups and he strong drive to cooperate, to work together for a common cause, permeate many facets of Japanese behavior and have historical roots that date back thousands of years. To understand, explain, and appreciate a people's image of itself and the fundamental attitudes and unconscious fears that are often reflected in its view of foreign cultures, it is necessary to study the culture as it is now as well as to understand culture as It was, that Is, a country's history.An awareness of the history of a country Is particularly effective for understanding attitudes about the role of overspent and business, the relations between managers and the managed, the sources of management authority, and attitudes toward foreign Mac's. History is what helps define a nation's â€Å" mission,† how it perceives its neighbors, and how it sees its place in the world. To understand a country's attitudes, prejudices, and fears it is necessary to look beyond the surface or current events to the Inner refinement of the country's entire past for clues.Geography Is a study of the physical characteristics of a particular region of the earth. Involved in this study are climate, topography, and population. The interaction of the physical characteristics is one of the principal determinants of a country's customs, products, industries, needs, and methods of satisfying those needs. Marketing is concerned with satisfying the needs of people. International marketing seeks out the whole world as its marketplace.Therefore, for an International marketer to know how to satisfy the needs of the International factors of the people's needs are. International marketer must know that various climates and topographies do exist and that they are vital in shaping the marketing plans that an international marketer must make. As an example, a producer selling machinery in the tropics would have to realize that special protection is needed to keep a machine running properly in hot and humid climates. Study of geography is important in the evaluation of markets.Marketers need to be knowledgeable about the effects of geographic diversity on the economic profiles of various nations. Climate and topography are examined as facets of the broader and more important elements of geography. Knowledge about geography, the climate and physical terrain when appraising a market influences marketing from product adaptation to ore profound influences on the development of marketing systems. Climatic features affect the uses and functions of products and equipment.Companies looking to build manufacturing plants in countries with more liberal pollution regulations than they have at home are finding that regulations everywhere are becoming stricter. Many Asian governments are drafti ng new regulations and strictly enforcing existing ones. A strong motivator for Asia and the rest of the world is the realization that pollution is on the verge of getting completely out of control. Neither Western Europe nor the rest of the industrialized world are free of environmental mage; rivers are polluted and the atmosphere in many major urban areas is far from clean.The very process of controlling industrial wastes leads to another and perhaps equally critical issue: the disposal of hazardous waste, a by-product of pollution control. Estimates of hazardous wastes collected annually exceed 300 million tons; the critical question is disposal that does not move the problem elsewhere. The business community is responding positively to the notion that the focus must be on the global environment rather than the quality of the air, land, and water in our own backyards.An International Chamber of Commerce Industry Forum on the environment reflected a shift in company attitudes towa rd environmental issues away from a reactive and largely defensive stance to a proactive and constructive approach. Some disbeliever may dismiss such statements as â€Å"window dressing† and they could be, but the beginning of change is awareness. Responsibility for cleaning up the environment does not rest solely with governments, businesses, or activist groups. Each citizen has social and moral responsibility to include environmental protection among his/her highest goals.

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Top Tips of For and Against Essay Samples for and Against Essay Samples - the Conspiracy Essay writing isn't only about including relevant details. A personal narrative essay needs to be engaging, meaning that you must include fantastic ideas with the critical points of information. Essay help companies offer essay structure guides. Essay assignment help providers offer their premium services at an inexpensive pace. Up in Arms About for and Against Essay Samples? Selecting an excellent topic for your essay is among the most significant and frequently tricky parts for many students. If you need a job, you've got to earn a case for yourself. You are going to be able to not just finish all your essays in time, but in addition acquire great grades on them consistently. Employing real sample college essays that worked will offer you an excellent idea about what colleges search for. The Lost Secret of for and Against Essay Samples Body paragraphs ought to be anywhere from half a page to a single page in length. Always read the text aloud to make certain there aren't any awkward sentences. The fundamental format of an essay is provided below. For what it's worth, you need to always adhere to the conventional 500-word essay format. Things You Won't Like About for and Against Essay Samples and Things You Will Therefore, you commit to writing a paper of mediocre quality because you think's the best that you can do with the time you've got at hand. If you are able to learn to write a college essay the simple way, you'll be in a position to conserve a great deal of time. The absolute most helpful writers write every single day, at the very least a bit. There are lots of students who are having difficulty on it not only since they will need to fulfill the strict guidelines, but they have to make sure that they limit their creativity. You need five or more paragraphs discussing the results. To distinguish between the kinds of essays is only a matter of identifying the author's objective. No matter how familiar the topic might seem, always study the field in general and get started searching for proof to back up your claims. In the event you were assigned with a particular subject, make it even more thought-provoking by deciding upon a fresh perspective and an original stance. New Step by Step Roadmap for for and Against Essay Samples The mere truth that you're being made to compose an essay makes you hate the topic, however hard your professor tried to ensure it is intriguing. There are a lot of people who can't appear to grasp the idea of writing a classification essay. So far as essay structure goes, a 4 or 5 paragraph essay based on the number of points you are going to want to argue is a superb start. After you settle on this issue and select the position on which you will base your essay, the remainder of the job can then begin. It is preferable to discuss and analyze the perspective that the writer is supporting. If you compose an essay arguing an argument, you might have to to begin a thesis statement. A topic sentence basically enables the readers to have some idea about what's going to be discussed in the paragraph. To begin with, you have to be able to spot an author's arguments. Frankly, there's no established formula for essay structure. Essay structure Essay generally comprises of these parts. You ought to be alert to the essay structure, which will organize the chaos in your thoughts. The fundamental structure needs to be maintained. To compose your essay, here's every step you will need to take. You ought to make sure you exert your very best effort to have an exceptional essay that you may submit to the program. The introduction needs to be amazing! It must have research question. Essay contains five paragraphs. It should be written in a formal language. Essays aren't intended to be easy for everybody. If it is necessary, it may often be included in the debut, particularly for quick essays, just like the example essay below. Read the very first and last paragraphs of each essay before starting. It will be simpler that you compose a very good persuasive essay if it's a subject in which you have knowledge. Qualities of an excellent persuasive essay topic The topic needs to be specific. As you probably already know, simply because you've got a definition essay topic and a couple examples doesn't indicate you've got an essay.

Beowulf and Judith - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2834 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Beowulf Essay Did you like this example? According to the book, The Norton Anthology, English Literature, Beowulf is the oldest of the great long poems written in English more than twelve hundred years ago. It is now widely believed that Beowulf is the work of a single poet who was a Christian and that his poem reflects well-established Christian tradition. The Norton Anthology, English Literature book states, One of the biblical books from which Elfric drew material was the Book of Judith. We do not know the date for the rendering of the Book of Judith into Anglo-Saxton poetry, but it was probably composed sometime in the tenth century. In the stories, Beowulf and Judith both characters have similarities and differences that show their perspectives throughout their life. In the story of Beowulf, Beowulf can be described as a mortal human who was born and raised in Geatland. Beowulf has many characteristics that show his epic leadership, courage, and responsibilities to his people. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Beowulf and Judith" essay for you Create order He believed that all of his people are equal and no person was better than the other. In the story of Judith, Judith was a great leader who tried to protect and serve her people. Judith was the Jewish heroine who saved the Jews by killing Holofernes who was the general of the army besieging them. Both characters show great adversity and Christianity throughout their poems. Beowulf and Judith are similar in many ways when it comes to leading their people. Beowulf was never scared to back down from a fight, but he had swords to protect him. Beowulf killed Grendel with his bare hands. Beowulf showed the trophy where Grendel had been defeated and it was Grendels arm. Beowulf upholds values, traits, and responsibility just like a hero should. Judith had God on her side when it came to fighting the bad guys. Judith does not need swords or magic to help her fight because she has the powerful God up about to help her win her fights. Judith outsmarts her enemies, so she can defeat them and get what she wants in the end. Judith talks to God about everything before she does it, so she will know how to handle the fight. Personally, Judith is more of the brave one because she has nothing, but the word of God and that is hard to stick with for most people. The poems are about two different heroes and how they make it through all the hard times in their life and the good times. When we have God on our side we are going to go through hard times, but God is there to guide us and help us get out of those situations. Judith is a woman and Beowulf is a man. Both of these strong leaders hold the same values and want what is best for their people. Judith and Beowulf have to stand up for what they believe in and fight when it comes to protecting their people. Beowulf and Judith both have hard jobs because they have so many people depending on them that they have to be on the lookout all day every day. Beowulf and Judith are well respected because their people knows they have their back no matter what. Due to the overwhelming responsibilities hat Beowulf and Judith have, each one manages their responsibilities in their own way. In the poem Beowulf, the text is influenced of colored concepts from the original text of Beowulf. The Norton Anthology of English Literature says, Throughout the story of Beowulf, one finds many elements of Christian philosophy: that man survives only through the protection of God, that all earthly gifts flow from God, and that the proper bearing of man is to be humble and unselfish. However, there is also a strong sense of heroic pride within Beowulf which is at times in direct conflict with these Christian values. Marshall states, Beowulf has a Christian attitude toward wealth. He notes Beowulfs interest in dispensing gifts to his retainers, for which he would need treasure. Beowulf repeatedly acknowledges God as his protector. He knows that God is looking out for his survival. Edward Irving writes that God is truly felt as a living presence only at those moments when we feel the surges of heroic power in Beowulf. In this special sense the hero is indeed Gods agent, for he is the only way we can be aware of God and of how he acts in the world of men we know. Medieval lit states, Beowulf is protected less by divinity than by physical forces, such as his armor. In the story, Beowulf never speaks directly to God. The poem Judith is powerfully influenced by The Book of Judith in the Bible. Judith believes strongly in God and the faith she puts into God to be a great leader. Drumheller says, Judith has complete faith in God, sounding like the Lord speaking to Job from the whirlwind, Judith challenges the peoples notion of testing God. You cannot even understand the inner-workings of human thought and emotions, Judith proclaims. How could you dream of understanding the thought of God? Judith reminds the rulers and people of Bethulia the importance of human agency in Gods plan: Therefore, while we wait for [Gods] deliverance, let us call upon him to help us, and he will hear our voice, if it pleases him (8:17). Mediveal lit states, Judiths God protects his heroine. The brave Beowulf and the prudent Judith cannot fight their battles without define help Beowulf and Judith both represent enormous amounts of bravery throughout their poems. In Beowulfs first fight, before facing Grendel, Beowulf took off the helmet and handed his attendant / the patterned sword (672-673), deciding that using a weapon or protection of any kind would make the battle too easy. Shortly after doing this, he boasts, When it comes to fighting, I count myself / as dangerous any day as Grendel stated Cory. Beowulf displays a huge amount of bravery by killing Grendel and while trying to kill Grendel, Beowulf realizes that his weapons were not working. As a result of the weapons not working, Beowulf killed Grendel with his bare hands. In the second battle, Beowulf is trying to destroy Grendels mother. Beowulf travels to the lake shores to Grendels mothers cave to destroy the demon hag by his self. Beowulf made the choice to fight alone which showed his bravery. In the third battle, Beowulf is trying to defeat a dragon. Beowulf is determined to defeat the dragon alone, which shows his courage. Even though in the end, Beowulf did not end up fighting the dragon alone. Judith represents bravery by using only her faith in God when she goes into battle. Craven says, Judith and her handmade snuck out of the camp, taking Holofernes head back to Bethulia. The Jews were emboldened by their bravery. The poetic Judith has heroic strength. Clearly the strength of Judith in the poem is greater than the strength of the biblical Judith and this strength is a product of the heroic tradition. Judith used her heroic strength to lug the dead weight of the drunken Holofernes around inside the tent. In both poems, Beowulf and Judith show great signs of bravery to the reader and their people. Disparities also come out between the characters Beowulf and Judith. Beowulf is a male warrior, while Judith is a female warrior. Beowulf accepts rewards for all his victories. These rewards include celebrations, praise, status , and expensive gifts. Judith hardly accepts any type of reward. Beowulf makes it all about him and wants everyone to know how he can defeat monsters with his bare hands. Beowulf is protected by divinity than by armor. Judith is protected by God and his watching over her. Judith has a God that is there for her all the time and never leaves her and answers all of her prayers. Beowulfs God is more a figure of speech and not always there for him when he calls out to him. When Judith receives rewards she looks at it as a gift from God. When Beowulf receives rewards he wants it and wants everyone to know he has it. Medieval lit states, Upon Judiths triumphant return to Bethulia, the heroine does not dwell on her victory but conveys only as much of it as is necessary to rally her people, remarking that it is they who will receive the glory. She shows herself consistently content to win glory for others when it is conclude that she did not doubt in the reward which she had long yearned for. For that be glory to the beloved lord for ever and ever. Beowulfs ego comes between him and his God; Judiths humility bonds her to hers. Medieveal lit says, Beowulfs motive in confronting Grendel only partially resembles Judiths motive in confronting Holofernes, the nature of Beowulfs victory only partially resembles that of Judiths. Unlike the holy maiden Judith, whose aspiration and achievement both stem from God, Beowulf emphasizes his own importance in the proceedings by expressing his complete trust in his strengthen of limb and the Lords favor, and observing that the Divine Lord will in His wisdom grant the glory of victory to whichever side he sees fit. Beowulf is a good leader because he represents everything a leader should have. Beowulf made alliances with the Danes. He brought riches to his people, he defended his people, he was an effective king, he was a brilliant warrior. His biggest leadership moment was when he fought the dragon at the end. Beowulf knew he was too old to fight the dragon, but he stood up and did it because he never backs down from a fight. He did all he could during the fight, but he ended up short. Beowulf fought because he knew his time was almost up, so he wanted to give it all he had. Everyone has their flaws, so Beowulf is not perfect by any means. Beowulf loves his people and wants to do everything to keep them safe and out of harms way. Beowulf is not scared to fight, but sometimes he may not know when to stop. Beowulfs flaw is he wants everyone to know what he does and he wants to show all his rewards he gets. We could say that Beowulfs flaw would be that he tried to keep fighting when he knew he was to old, but everyone has their own opinion. My personally opinion is Beowulf knew he was old and it was getting time for the Geats to get a new leader, but he died trying his best for his people even if he only had one person left standing by his side. Judith is a good leader because she commands, plans, and leads her people in the right direction. Planning, leading, and commanding is the number one thing to be a good leader and to step up for your people. People always say that a women will not make a great leader, but that is not true and Judith shows that in many different ways. Judith breaks down things and finds way to fix situations with a plan and has it in order. Judith knows how power works with her and men and she will not let men step over her just because they think they are better than her. Judith acts good out of her heart and out of the people she loves. Judith trust in God and with God anything is possible. When we have God on our side he will protect us and bring us through hard times as long as we are with him through it all. People want to follow God when everything is good, but when the bad hits they want to turn around and run. Judith doubted gifts in this world, where she found protection from the glorious Lord. Judith has the most needed favor from the highest Judge, so that the Lord defended her against the greatest terror. God granted Judith her request because she stayed true to her faith. Holofernes eagerly issued invitations to a feast and provided all types of magnificent wonders. Judith was a good person and always wanted to do the right thing, so her people would be protected and she could always keep her faith in God. Judith did everything she could to make sure her faith in God never ran out. Judith is someone that everyone should want as their leader because she cares and tries her best to do the right thing. It is hard to always stay close to God especially when the hard times hit, but it is important to know if we have God on our side we can accomplish and get through anything. Beowulf who was a hero of the Geats, later in life he becomes the king of the Geats. Beowulf represents values, motivations, characteristics, and loyalty. It is possible that Beowulf may be the lone survivor. Hrothgar and Beowulf are portrayed as morally upright and enlightened. The young Beowulfs attempt to comfort the bereaved king by invoking the code of vengeance may be one of several instances of the poets ironic treatment of the tragic futility of never ending blood feuds. Instead, the poem turns on Beowulfs three great fights against preternatural evil, which inhabits the dangerous and demonic space surrounding human society. He undertakes the fight against Grendel to save the Danes from the monster and to exact vengeance for the men Grendel has slain. The most heroic fight Beowulf fought was the one against the dragon. Beowulf overcame his destiny and his old age, so he could protect his people and go down fighting. This fight was remarkable because nobody of this age would of fought this fight, but Beowulf did anyways because he is strong and he loves his people and would do anything for them. Beowulf told his thanes that this was his last battle. Beowulf brought his sword and special shield and as he was walking in to fight the dragon he hollers, so the dragon will wake up. The dragon wakes up and blows fire on Beowulf, the shield catches the flames, but Beowulf tries to go after the dragon and his sword does not do the job. Beowulf has no protecting and is left unarmed. The eleven thanes that came with Beowulf did not stand up and protect their leader because they were scared. Out of the eleven thanes that came with him, only one remained and stuck with Beowulf through it all. When the ten thanes left Beowulf it shows that you cannot count on people because when the going gets tough not everyone will be there to protect because they are scared. Beowulf collapses and Wiglaf, the only thane that stayed, poured water on the wound, but it was to late and nothing they could do about it. Before Beowulf dies he tells Wiglaf to bring him the treasure, so he can see what he is dying for. The most heroic fight Judith had was with Holofernes. Judith saved her people by beheading Holofernes. The story of Judith and Holofernes comes from the Bible. Judith name means Lady Jew, she was a beautiful woman. She seduces Holofernes with her beauty and waits until he is drunk and cuts his head off after she talked to God about it first. In conclusion, Beowulf and Judith have several similarities and differences that attributed to their great success as leaders. In the poem Beowulf, there are a few themes that can be taken out of reading the poem. Loyalty, generosity, reputation are three themes that stand out throughout the whole poem. Beowulf can be known as a selfless leader. Throughout the poem Beowulf, he was destined to seek fame and glory for his achievements. Beowulf was very loyal to all the Angelo-Saxton society by being a true hero to his people. He showed a great deal of generosity to all his people by going into battles alone. In the poem Judith, she stayed true to her belief in God. Judith did not want praise and rewards, she wanted her people to give their thanks to God. Judith, in her own way, can be known as a selfless person for always putting her people before herself. In the poem Judith, Christianity plays a huge role in the way the people see things throughout the poem. Both Beowulf and Judith show great fearfulness and leadership throughout both poems. Beowulf and Judith are two great poems that can be inspiration to show great courage, leadership, and generosity. Works Cited Abrams., ED. M.H. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. New York: W.W. Norton and Company Inc, 1993. 27-68. Blackburn, F.A. The Christian Coloring in the Beowulf. PMLA (1897): 205-225. Canon, Elizabeth Bell. Beowulf . Beowulf and Christianity (n.d.): 55-58. 14. Drumheller, Claire George. Judith. A Journal of Bible and Thelogy (2018): 430-432. 3. Feaver, Vicki. Judith. Judith (2005-2016): Video. Irving, Edward B, Jr. Christian and Pagan Elements. A Beowulf HandBook (1997): 175-92. Jewish Womens Archive . Judith (2018).